Glossary

Item means usual packaging for retail sale, e.g. a package of 3 bottles of perfume if they are sold together, or a bottle of perfume if it is meant to be sold separately.

ESG stands for Environmental, Social and Governance, which are considered the three main pillars of ESG frameworks. These pillars cover key areas that companies must address and report on. The … purpose of ESG is to identify and consider non-financial risks and opportunities associated with a company's day-to-day operations.

CBAM goods are all goods for which the embedded emissions must be reported. In the EU, they are listed in Annex I to the CBAM Regulation.

Companies are legally required to keep records related to their import and export transactions. That includes commercial, customs and shipping documentation. The company needs to obtain some … of the documents from its freight forwarder, customs broker or other parties involved.

Non-manipulation certificate is a document required when goods of preferential origin are unloaded, stored and/or subjected to treatments necessary to maintain the goods in a third country while … being shipped from the country of dispatch to the country of destination.

An EORI number means an identification number, unique in the customs territory of the European Union, assigned by a customs authority to an economic operator or to another person in order to … register that person for customs purposes.

‘Other legislation applied by the customs authorities’ means legislation other than customs legislation applicable to the goods entering, exiting, passing through the customs territory of the … Union, or to be placed in the Union market, in the implementation of which the customs authorities are involved.

Transfer pricing is a rule that was designed in international taxation to establish which part of the income within a multinational enterprise needs to be allocated between two companies in the … same group if they have a transaction between them. The rule, in general, is that they need to act as if they were third parties in order to establish the third-party price. Transfer pricing is important for determining the customs value of goods.

Non-tariff measures are policy measures other than ordinary customs tariffs that can potentially have an economic impact on international trade in goods by changing the quantities traded, prices … or both.

Sustainability-related legislation for material goods falls within the scope of customs control when goods cross international borders. But what exactly does 'sustainability' mean?

There are five main steps in the standard customs risk management process as defined by the World Customs Organization: establish context, identify risks, analyse risks, assess and prioritize … risks and address risks. In addition to these five steps, risk management requires constant monitoring and review.

EU Regulation provides a new legal framework to improve information sharing and digital cooperation between customs administrations and other government authorities in charge of enforcing non-customs … formalities at the EU border. What are these non-customs formalities?

The ‘single window’ is a trade facilitation measure, allowing parties involved in trade and transport to lodge standardised information and documents with a single-entry point to fulfil all import, … export, and transit-related regulatory requirements, thus reducing duplication, time, and costs.

The European Maritime Single Window environment (EMSWe) aims to improve administrative procedures in maritime transport by introducing a single window for reporting formalities for ships to harmonise … processes and data exchange with economic operators. Legal acts establish that the latest date for the system to be operational is no later than 15.08.2025.

It's about trade liberalisation of climate-friendly goods: What is defined as a ‘climate-friendly good’? How are these goods included in the Harmonised System (HS)?

Risk is the likelihood and the impact of an event, which would prevent the correct application of Union or national measures, compromise the financial interests of the Union and its Member States, … etc.