January 30, 2022
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Customs duties (tariffs)

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What is customs duty?

Customs duty is a tax imposed on goods upon their entry (import) or exit (export) from the customs territory. Import duty means customs duty payable on the import of goods. Export duty means customs duty payable on the export of goods. Upon importation, the goods might be subject to other taxes as well, which, in the EU, are import VAT and import excise tax.

What are the types of customs duties?

There are several types of customs duties: 

  • The ‘normal’ duty or MFN duty. World Trade Organization (WTO) member countries must comply with the most-favoured-nation (MFN) clause, which requires a country to provide any privileges granted to one nation to all other WTO member countries – that means the equal treatment of all countries.
  • The anti-dumping and countervailing duties: these duties are used as trade defence measures against dumped or subsidised imports and are applied in addition to the MFN duties.
  • Preferential duties are an exception of the MFN clause: countries may make trade deals, for example, the EU-UK Trade and Cooperation Agreement, and agree on lower or zero duty rates on goods originating in partner countries. Preferential duty rates may also be set unilaterally on imports of goods originating in developing and least developed countries, for example, under the EU’s Generalised Scheme of Preferences (GSP).  

Where are the EU rates of duties set out?

The EU’s MFN rates of customs duties are set out in the Combined Nomenclature (CN), which is an annually updated Annex to the Council Regulation (EEC) No 2658/87 on the tariffs and statistical nomenclature and on the Common Customs Tariff. CN 2022 is set out in the Commission Implementing Regulation 2021/1832 of 12 October 2021.

The anti-dumping and countervailing duty rates are set out on a case-by-case basis in the regulations of the European Commission, for example, Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2022/72 of 18 January 2022 imposing definitive countervailing duties on imports of optical fibre cables originating in China.

The preferential duty rates are set out in trade agreements, for example, in the EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement. The rules of calculation of EU GSP rates are set out in the Regulation (EU) No 978/2012 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 October 2012.

Where can be the rates found (is there an online tool)?

The rates of all the types of EU duties can be found online in the Integrated Tariff of the EU (TARIC). It is a multilingual and multifunctional database integrating all measures relating to EU customs tariff as well as commercial and agricultural legislation.

Comments ()

en
Transport services VAT exempt because already in import tax base? You will need to prove it!
24-09-2023

The Romanian company provides transportation services. It transported goods from the port of Rotterdam (the Netherlands) to Cluj-Napoca (Romania) under transit procedure. Goods were released into free circulation in Romania. It treated transportation service as VAT exempt because it assumed that transportation cost was included into the import VAT taxable base. Tax authorities claimed otherwise: the taxpayer failed to provide documents confirming that the transportation cost was included into the import VAT taxable base. Consequently, they denied the exemption. The dispute between the company and the tax authorities reached as far as the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU), which recently issued clarifications on the application of the provisions of the VAT Directive in this case.

Mark Rowbotham

duties, taxes
en
Transport services VAT exempt because already in import tax base? You will need to prove it!
24-09-2023

The Romanian company provides transportation services. It transported goods from the port of Rotterdam (the Netherlands) to Cluj-Napoca (Romania) under transit procedure. Goods were released into free circulation in Romania. It treated transportation service as VAT exempt because it assumed that transportation cost was included into the import VAT taxable base. Tax authorities claimed otherwise: the taxpayer failed to provide documents confirming that the transportation cost was included into the import VAT taxable base. Consequently, they denied the exemption. The dispute between the company and the tax authorities reached as far as the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU), which recently issued clarifications on the application of the provisions of the VAT Directive in this case.

Mark Rowbotham

duties, taxes
lt
Apgavikai tiekimo grandinėje: kas moka mokesčius dėl apgaulės būdu užbaigtų formalumų?
24-09-2023

Kaltumo prezumpcija - sakysite, kad taip nebūna. Deja - mokesčių teisėje laikoma, kad dėl mokesčio įstatymo pažeidimo kaltas mokesčių mokėtojas, jeigu jis neįrodo priešingai. Tik klausimas, ar net ir įrodžius savo nekaltumą, mokesčių mokėtojui neteks susimokėti mokesčius. Aktualiu sprendimu Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismas (ESTT) išaiškino, ar akcizinio sandėlio savininkui (kurio kaltė neįrodyta) teks sumokėti suspenduotus mokesčius (šioje byloje - beveik 3 mln. Eur) tuo atveju, kai formalumų užbaigimo įrodymai buvo suklastoti, o prekės nugabentos nežinia kur. Išaiškinimai svarbūs ne tik akcizinių sandėlių savininkams, bet ir visiems suspenduotų mokesčių režimų – tranzito, muitinės sandėlio, laikinojo įvežimo perdirbti ir kitų – naudotojams, siekiantiems kuo geriau suprasti, įsivertinti ir valdyti susijusią riziką. ESTT taip pat išaiškino, kuomet prekės laikomos „prarastomis“ ir mokesčių nereikia mokėti.

Ingrida Kemežienė

duties, taxes
lt
Apgavikai tiekimo grandinėje: kas moka mokesčius dėl apgaulės būdu užbaigtų formalumų?
24-09-2023

Kaltumo prezumpcija - sakysite, kad taip nebūna. Deja - mokesčių teisėje laikoma, kad dėl mokesčio įstatymo pažeidimo kaltas mokesčių mokėtojas, jeigu jis neįrodo priešingai. Tik klausimas, ar net ir įrodžius savo nekaltumą, mokesčių mokėtojui neteks susimokėti mokesčius. Aktualiu sprendimu Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismas (ESTT) išaiškino, ar akcizinio sandėlio savininkui (kurio kaltė neįrodyta) teks sumokėti suspenduotus mokesčius (šioje byloje - beveik 3 mln. Eur) tuo atveju, kai formalumų užbaigimo įrodymai buvo suklastoti, o prekės nugabentos nežinia kur. Išaiškinimai svarbūs ne tik akcizinių sandėlių savininkams, bet ir visiems suspenduotų mokesčių režimų – tranzito, muitinės sandėlio, laikinojo įvežimo perdirbti ir kitų – naudotojams, siekiantiems kuo geriau suprasti, įsivertinti ir valdyti susijusią riziką. ESTT taip pat išaiškino, kuomet prekės laikomos „prarastomis“ ir mokesčių nereikia mokėti.

Ingrida Kemežienė

duties, taxes
image en
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): The Law
17-09-2023

Arne Mielken

duties, taxes
image en
Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM): The Law
17-09-2023

Arne Mielken

duties, taxes
en, lt
Who is responsible for CBAM in the company?
17-09-2023

If you import aluminium, steel and iron products, cement, fertilisers, hydrogen or electricity, you should already have answered the question of who in your company speaks the language of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), i.e. is knowledgeable in this area and responsible for compliance. And not just you, but also your suppliers from outside the EU, as they will provide you with information on the carbon emissions generated in the production of goods. So who in your supplier company speaks the CBAM language? In this article we look at the links between CBAM and customs, as well as other areas, to help you answer the question of whether the primary responsibility for CBAM compliance should lie with the person responsible for customs matters.

Enrika Naujokė

duties, taxes
en, lt
Who is responsible for CBAM in the company?
17-09-2023

If you import aluminium, steel and iron products, cement, fertilisers, hydrogen or electricity, you should already have answered the question of who in your company speaks the language of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), i.e. is knowledgeable in this area and responsible for compliance. And not just you, but also your suppliers from outside the EU, as they will provide you with information on the carbon emissions generated in the production of goods. So who in your supplier company speaks the CBAM language? In this article we look at the links between CBAM and customs, as well as other areas, to help you answer the question of whether the primary responsibility for CBAM compliance should lie with the person responsible for customs matters.

Enrika Naujokė

duties, taxes
lt
PADKM pereinamasis laikotarpis: koks yra muitinės ir kitų asmenų vaidmuo?
17-09-2023

Skaitytojo klausimas: Koks bus muitinės vaidmuo pereinamuoju laikotarpiu (2023 m. spalis – 2025 m. gruodis) įgyvendinant pasienio anglies dioksido kontrolės mechanizmą (PADKM)? Atsakydami į klausimą ne tik apžvelgiame muitinės vaidmenį, bet ir atkreipiame dėmesį į visų susijusių asmenų vaidmenis ir pabrėžiame ataskaitas teikiančio deklaranto atsakomybę.

duties, taxes
lt
PADKM pereinamasis laikotarpis: koks yra muitinės ir kitų asmenų vaidmuo?
17-09-2023

Skaitytojo klausimas: Koks bus muitinės vaidmuo pereinamuoju laikotarpiu (2023 m. spalis – 2025 m. gruodis) įgyvendinant pasienio anglies dioksido kontrolės mechanizmą (PADKM)? Atsakydami į klausimą ne tik apžvelgiame muitinės vaidmenį, bet ir atkreipiame dėmesį į visų susijusių asmenų vaidmenis ir pabrėžiame ataskaitas teikiančio deklaranto atsakomybę.

duties, taxes
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