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About the journal

Dear Reader,

Customs formalities cover global supply chains from the country of exportation to the country of importation. The legal rules to be addressed on the way are extensive (tariff, non-tariff, safety, etc.). They vary across countries and regions, change constantly, and often are inaccessible because of the language barrier and/ or unavailability online. 

Businesses aim to arrange customs formalities in the most cost-effective way, taking into account tariff preferences, the variety of customs procedures, and the simplifications. Therefore, the task to ensure compliant and cost-effective customs formalities is a complex one and any customs-related topic is in the scope of the journal. 

At the core of the Customs Compliance & Risk Management Journal for Practitioners in Europe are these keywords: up-to-date customs knowledge, compliance, harmonisation and simplification of the international and national rules (the simpler the rules, the easier to trade and to manage compliance and risks).

The first bi-monthly issue was released at the end of March 2020. Stakeholders - business, customs, academia, and others - from all over the world are invited to read the journal and to contribute articles.

The Editorial Board:
Enrika Naujokė, CC Learning, UAB, Lithuania
Dr David Savage, Ireland
Roberto Raya da Silva, Raya Consult, Brazil
Prof Dr Borys Kormych, National University 'Odesa Law Academy', Ukraine
Dr Ilona Mishchenko, National University 'Odesa Law Academy', Ukraine
Samuel Draginich, Amazon EU, Luxembourg
Ira Reese, Global Security and Innovative Solutions, the USA
Mark Rowbotham, Portcullis ISC, the UK
Omer Wagner, Israel
Svitlana Siurik, Belgium

We will be happy to answer your questions. Contact us: info@customslcear.net  

Best regards,
Editorial Board

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Terms and conditions

Terms and Conditions

Responsibility for the content. The information contained in the Customs Compliance & Risk Management Journal for Practitioners in Europe is for general information purposes only and cannot be construed as legal advice, conclusion or consultation. The publisher CC Learning, UAB (CustomsClear, the Publisher) does not necessarily agree with the views of the authors of articles.

Distribution. The exclusive right to distribute the journal belongs to the Publisher. The paid articles of the journal are only for the use of those who have acquired them lawfully. The originals or copies of the articles may not be distributed, sold, rented, lent or otherwise transferred without the written consent of CustomsClear.

Procedure upon violation. The Publisher will make every effort to resolve any disputes in a consensual manner and therefore asks to be notified (using the contact details provided) of any conflict or misunderstanding before other steps are taken.

Disclaimer. The Publisher accepts no liability for the quality of the information provided or for it being correct, complete or up-to-date. It is the sole responsibility of the authors themselves to ensure compliance with intellectual property rights. We expect authors to indemnify and hold the CustomsClear harmless from any loss, damage, claim, expense or costs, that may be incurred or sustained in connection with or in any way arising out as a result of intellectual property violation claims.

Contact: info@customsclear.net 

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Information for authors

Information for Authors

Writing an article is a great way to share your knowledge and, if relevant, to inform readers about your expertise in a particular field of Customs.

Articles are contributed on a non-remunerated basis. Thanking you for your contribution, we will invite you to meet other authors in bimonthly online meetings.

The ISSN 2669-2171 number can be used for academic purposes.

Reader

The reader of the journal is a practitioner dealing with customs-related questions first of all in business. She or he might be a beginner or experienced one. Therefore, please write for practitioners, delivering your message in a simple and clear way. 

Language 

The main language of the journal is English. However, practitioners in many countries do not speak English, therefore, we encourage to write the article in several languages up to your choice.

Structure and length

Please start with about 3-5 sentences introducing what is your article about. Structure the article in short paragraphs, use subtitles. At the end of the article (and/ or in the author’s profile), you may introduce your organisation and services.

The length of the article is up to your choice, the most important is to clearly deliver the knowledge/ the main message to the reader (there are articles of 1000 and of 3000 words, it can be less or more). 

Author’s profile

Additionally, you may send us a picture and a description of the author for the author's profile. The author's profile opens when you click on the author’s name in the article. 

Note

Please also read 'About the Journal' and 'Terms and Conditions'.

Contacts

We will be happy to answer your questions. Please contact us by info@customsclear.net

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All EU law Case law A coffee break with... Classification Valuation Origin Sustainability Import taxes Customs procedures Overviews and comments Compliance Online tools and resources Non-tariff measures EU - UK trade Country-specific Knowledge Filling out the customs declaration Career as a customs specialist Collaboration Students' section
EU law
Case law
A coffee break with...
Classification
Valuation
Origin
Sustainability
Import taxes
Customs procedures
Overviews and comments
Compliance
Online tools and resources
Non-tariff measures
EU - UK trade
Country-specific
Knowledge
Filling out the customs declaration
Career as a customs specialist
Collaboration
Students' section
en
Classification of a pipe transportation device: an article of aluminium or a container?
12-03-2023

Let's take a look at the second judgement issued by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) earlier this year on the tariff classification of goods (the first one was on classification … of inflatable couches). This case is about a pipe transportation device: Should it be classified as an article of aluminium or a container? Accordingly, the import duty rate is 6% or 0%. The CJEU also clarified what a ‘container’ means for tariff classification purposes.

Ingrida Kemežienė

€
classification
en
Classification of a pipe transportation device: an article of aluminium or a container?
12-03-2023

Let's take a look at the second judgement issued by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) earlier this year on the tariff classification of goods (the first one was on classification of inflatable couches). This case is about a pipe transportation device: Should it be classified as an article of aluminium or a container? Accordingly, the import duty rate is 6% or 0%. The CJEU also clarified what a ‘container’ means for tariff classification purposes.

Ingrida Kemežienė

€
classification
en
Classification of inflatable couches: furniture or camping equipment?
12-03-2023

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has in the first 2 months of the year provided clarifications in 2 cases related to the tariff classification of goods. This shows that business … is constantly confronted with questions of the proper classification of goods, which, for certain goods, we will overview. In this article, let’s start with the classification of inflatable couches: Are they furniture or camping equipment? The duty tariff would be 3.7% or 12%, respectively.

Ingrida Kemežienė

€
classification
en
Classification of inflatable couches: furniture or camping equipment?
12-03-2023

The Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) has in the first 2 months of the year provided clarifications in 2 cases related to the tariff classification of goods. This shows that business is constantly confronted with questions of the proper classification of goods, which, for certain goods, we will overview. In this article, let’s start with the classification of inflatable couches: Are they furniture or camping equipment? The duty tariff would be 3.7% or 12%, respectively.

Ingrida Kemežienė

€
classification
en
Customs procedures - possibilities not to be missed and worth knowing about
09-03-2023

The possibilities and risks of customs procedures were the focus of discussion at the 14th Authors' Meeting. Experts from Belgium, Germany, Lithuania, France, Bulgaria, Israel, Brazil and Argentina … shared insights and tips on how to manage customs procedures for the maximum benefit of businesses. A number of issues were raised, particularly in relation to the use of special customs procedures.

knowledge management
en
Customs procedures - possibilities not to be missed and worth knowing about
09-03-2023

The possibilities and risks of customs procedures were the focus of discussion at the 14th Authors' Meeting. Experts from Belgium, Germany, Lithuania, France, Bulgaria, Israel, Brazil and Argentina shared insights and tips on how to manage customs procedures for the maximum benefit of businesses. A number of issues were raised, particularly in relation to the use of special customs procedures.

knowledge management
en
Inward processing in the EU: Does the duty rate always depend on the commodity code for the goods?
09-03-2023

Classification under a tariff subheading is not an end in itself but serves to determine which measures, tariff or other, should be applied to the goods concerned. However, in case of inward … processing in the EU, the question has been raised, whether the duty rate of the processed goods at the time of release for free circulation must be applied in certain cases even though the tariff classification, customs value, and origin of the imported goods are the basis for the duty calculation.

Prof Dr Sandra Rinnert, Michael Lux, Enrika Naujokė

€
classification, duties, taxes
en
Inward processing in the EU: Does the duty rate always depend on the commodity code for the goods?
09-03-2023

Classification under a tariff subheading is not an end in itself but serves to determine which measures, tariff or other, should be applied to the goods concerned. However, in case of inward processing in the EU, the question has been raised, whether the duty rate of the processed goods at the time of release for free circulation must be applied in certain cases even though the tariff classification, customs value, and origin of the imported goods are the basis for the duty calculation.

Prof Dr Sandra Rinnert, Michael Lux, Enrika Naujokė

€
classification, duties, taxes
en
Getting information from Customs in Ukraine: Is it even possible?
05-03-2023

“He who owns information owns the world”, said Nathan M. Rothschild two centuries ago. The quote is relevant today particularly when it comes to customs. What if a company needs information from … customs authorities? Is it possible to obtain it? Are customs obliged to provide it to a company or an individual? This article deals with the problems faced by Ukrainian companies in obtaining the information they need from the customs authorities. We also take a look at the provisions of the EU Customs Code.

Dr. Ilona Mishchenko

€
law
en
Getting information from Customs in Ukraine: Is it even possible?
05-03-2023

“He who owns information owns the world”, said Nathan M. Rothschild two centuries ago. The quote is relevant today particularly when it comes to customs. What if a company needs information from customs authorities? Is it possible to obtain it? Are customs obliged to provide it to a company or an individual? This article deals with the problems faced by Ukrainian companies in obtaining the information they need from the customs authorities. We also take a look at the provisions of the EU Customs Code.

Dr. Ilona Mishchenko

€
law
en
Advance Rulings on Tariff Classification: What? Why? Where?
01-03-2023

Since problems of classification of goods are relevant to all countries of the world, the WCO, as the "keeper" of the Harmonised System, has developed a number of tools for its correct and uniform … application. These tools include Explanatory Notes, Compendium of Classification Opinions, Classification Decisions, Recommendations Related to the Harmonised System, and Advance Rulings for Classification. Let's look at the latter tool in more detail, including a practical tip on where to find Advance Rulings in different countries.

Taichi Kawazoe

€
classification
en
Advance Rulings on Tariff Classification: What? Why? Where?
01-03-2023

Since problems of classification of goods are relevant to all countries of the world, the WCO, as the "keeper" of the Harmonised System, has developed a number of tools for its correct and uniform application. These tools include Explanatory Notes, Compendium of Classification Opinions, Classification Decisions, Recommendations Related to the Harmonised System, and Advance Rulings for Classification. Let's look at the latter tool in more detail, including a practical tip on where to find Advance Rulings in different countries.

Taichi Kawazoe

€
classification
en
Customs infringements and related penalties in the EU: current situation (2023)
01-03-2023

In January 2023, the EU Commission presented the report "On the assessment of customs infringements and penalties in Member States" (COM(2023) 5 final), which provides a summarized overview of … the individual system of penalties for infringements of customs law in each EU Member State. This article presents the essential highlights of the Commission‘s report, describes the existing system of infringements of customs law in the EU and its specific features throughout the EU Member States, as well as its specific features in different states. At the same time, the article reviews the perspectives of unifying the system of application of legal responsibility for infringements of customs law and the initiatives currently which are being considered in this area.

Dr. Gediminas Valantiejus

€
violations
en
Customs infringements and related penalties in the EU: current situation (2023)
01-03-2023

In January 2023, the EU Commission presented the report "On the assessment of customs infringements and penalties in Member States" (COM(2023) 5 final), which provides a summarized overview of the individual system of penalties for infringements of customs law in each EU Member State. This article presents the essential highlights of the Commission‘s report, describes the existing system of infringements of customs law in the EU and its specific features throughout the EU Member States, as well as its specific features in different states. At the same time, the article reviews the perspectives of unifying the system of application of legal responsibility for infringements of customs law and the initiatives currently which are being considered in this area.

Dr. Gediminas Valantiejus

€
violations
en
Confiad organization: shaping the future of customs brokers’ profession
01-03-2023

The Pan-European organisation International Confederation of Customs Brokers and Customs Representatives (Confiad) was founded in 1982 in Italy. It was founded with the purpose to defend and … coordinate the professional interest of its members, supporting harmonisation of the legislative, professional and customs regulations at European level. Confiad President Dr Massimo De Gregorio kindly accepted our invitation to share information about the confederation, its main activities and the customs broker’s profession.

Dr Massimo De Gregorio

customs brokers
en
Confiad organization: shaping the future of customs brokers’ profession
01-03-2023

The Pan-European organisation International Confederation of Customs Brokers and Customs Representatives (Confiad) was founded in 1982 in Italy. It was founded with the purpose to defend and coordinate the professional interest of its members, supporting harmonisation of the legislative, professional and customs regulations at European level. Confiad President Dr Massimo De Gregorio kindly accepted our invitation to share information about the confederation, its main activities and the customs broker’s profession.

Dr Massimo De Gregorio

customs brokers
en
Classification of drones: toy or unmanned aircraft?
01-03-2023

In 2022, the approach to the classification of unmanned aircraft changed. A separate heading has been introduced for them. Has the classification of these goods been simplified? Have there been … fewer problems in determining their code? Let's find out what challenges we may face when classifying some types of drones.

Taichi Kawazoe

€
classification
en
Classification of drones: toy or unmanned aircraft?
01-03-2023

In 2022, the approach to the classification of unmanned aircraft changed. A separate heading has been introduced for them. Has the classification of these goods been simplified? Have there been fewer problems in determining their code? Let's find out what challenges we may face when classifying some types of drones.

Taichi Kawazoe

€
classification
en
Customs law in EU: 1 or 27 interpretations?
26-02-2023

A recently published comparative analysis of Member States' customs authorisation procedures for the entry of products into the EU concludes that the EU is a customs union with common legislation, … customs rules, procedures and a single development plan; yet, for a number of objective reasons and considerations, each Member State manages and develops its customs activities at its own pace and according to its own interpretation of the Union Customs Code. We overview some aspects of the analysis.

Boryana Peycheva

€
customs clearance, law
en
Customs law in EU: 1 or 27 interpretations?
26-02-2023

A recently published comparative analysis of Member States' customs authorisation procedures for the entry of products into the EU concludes that the EU is a customs union with common legislation, customs rules, procedures and a single development plan; yet, for a number of objective reasons and considerations, each Member State manages and develops its customs activities at its own pace and according to its own interpretation of the Union Customs Code. We overview some aspects of the analysis.

Boryana Peycheva

€
customs clearance, law
en
Customs Consultative Committees: What’s in it for business?
19-02-2023

Customs Consultative Committees (CCCs) or similar bodies have been set up in EU Member States, the UK and other countries to bring business and customs together to discuss issues, share knowledge … and improve the business environment. With what questions or problems can businesses turn to the CCC and what results can be expected? How can this be done? Do businesses actively make use of this tool? We thank Anthony Buckley, Chair of the CCC in Ireland for a number of years during the Brexit preparations, for kindly accepting the invitation to share his experiences and views.

Anthony Buckley, Enrika Naujokė

en
Customs Consultative Committees: What’s in it for business?
19-02-2023

Customs Consultative Committees (CCCs) or similar bodies have been set up in EU Member States, the UK and other countries to bring business and customs together to discuss issues, share knowledge and improve the business environment. With what questions or problems can businesses turn to the CCC and what results can be expected? How can this be done? Do businesses actively make use of this tool? We thank Anthony Buckley, Chair of the CCC in Ireland for a number of years during the Brexit preparations, for kindly accepting the invitation to share his experiences and views.

Anthony Buckley, Enrika Naujokė

en
How to save on import taxes? or Which is the place where the goods are brought into EU?
15-02-2023

Reader's question: Goods FOB Singapore are shipped to Tallinn. Rotterdam is the port of transshipment (containers are only moved from one vessel to another). What transportation costs - Singapore-Rotterdam … (€ 2,000) or Singapore-Tallinn (€ 3,000) - should be included into the dutiable value of goods upon their importation in Estonia?

Enrika Naujokė

€
duties, taxes
en
How to save on import taxes? or Which is the place where the goods are brought into EU?
15-02-2023

Reader's question: Goods FOB Singapore are shipped to Tallinn. Rotterdam is the port of transshipment (containers are only moved from one vessel to another). What transportation costs - Singapore-Rotterdam (€ 2,000) or Singapore-Tallinn (€ 3,000) - should be included into the dutiable value of goods upon their importation in Estonia?

Enrika Naujokė

€
duties, taxes
en
Inward processing in the UK: how a trivial compliance failure caused them to be taxed millions
12-02-2023

When you realise that the biggest threat to your business is neither the competition nor international event risk, but a seemingly minor compliance failure, you will have read this case study: … According to a recent tribunal judgement, even a seemingly trivial compliance failure, such as an error or discrepancy in the information supplied to HMRC by the importer and their customs agent, may invalidate a customs tax remission for an entire time. We explain it all in-depth and provide valuable pointers on legally handling your customs clearances.

Arne Mielken

€
import
en
Inward processing in the UK: how a trivial compliance failure caused them to be taxed millions
12-02-2023

When you realise that the biggest threat to your business is neither the competition nor international event risk, but a seemingly minor compliance failure, you will have read this case study: According to a recent tribunal judgement, even a seemingly trivial compliance failure, such as an error or discrepancy in the information supplied to HMRC by the importer and their customs agent, may invalidate a customs tax remission for an entire time. We explain it all in-depth and provide valuable pointers on legally handling your customs clearances.

Arne Mielken

€
import
en
Binding Valuation Information (BVI) decisions in the EU: the pros and cons
05-02-2023

Biding tariff and binding origin information decisions are used in the EU and provide legal certainty to economic operators regarding the correct determination of the tariff code and origin of … their goods. What about the introduction of the same measures with regard to valuation? In the following article, we highlight some points on this topic.

Georgi Goranov

€
valuation
en
Binding Valuation Information (BVI) decisions in the EU: the pros and cons
05-02-2023

Biding tariff and binding origin information decisions are used in the EU and provide legal certainty to economic operators regarding the correct determination of the tariff code and origin of their goods. What about the introduction of the same measures with regard to valuation? In the following article, we highlight some points on this topic.

Georgi Goranov

€
valuation
en
Customs and Trade Compliance: Tips from Authors of Books
01-02-2023

Books on Customs and Trade Compliance can provide great guidance in planning your future activities (2023 and beyond). Authors of the books and also their readers were exchanging distilled insights … and tips in this regard during the 3rd Global Webinar ‘Book on Customs’, which took place on the 15th of December, 2022. We overview some of the thoughts and practical tips shared.

knowledge management
en
Customs and Trade Compliance: Tips from Authors of Books
01-02-2023

Books on Customs and Trade Compliance can provide great guidance in planning your future activities (2023 and beyond). Authors of the books and also their readers were exchanging distilled insights and tips in this regard during the 3rd Global Webinar ‘Book on Customs’, which took place on the 15th of December, 2022. We overview some of the thoughts and practical tips shared.

knowledge management
en
Ukraine customs and trade news: December 2022/January 2023
01-02-2023

News at a glance: agreement on the "Single Market" with the EU; adoption of the full base of European technical standards; Licensing of goods and quotas for 2023; the CEPA between Ukraine and … UAE; and more updates!

Iryna Pavlenko, Oleg Kyryievskyi

law
en
Ukraine customs and trade news: December 2022/January 2023
01-02-2023

News at a glance: agreement on the "Single Market" with the EU; adoption of the full base of European technical standards; Licensing of goods and quotas for 2023; the CEPA between Ukraine and UAE; and more updates!

Iryna Pavlenko, Oleg Kyryievskyi

law
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