Muitinis įvertinimas - techninė, bet kritinė muitinės tema

Kunio Mikuriya generalinis sekretorius, Pasaulio muitinių organizacija
lapkritis 30, 2020
lt en fr
Muitinis įvertinimas - techninė, bet kritinė muitinės tema

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Adam Smith, knygos „Tautų turtas“ autorius, rašė, kad muitai „buvo naudojami nuo neatmenamų laikų“. Iš esmės šis teiginys yra teisingas. Prekybos apmokestinimo praktika yra tokia pat sena, kaip ir pati komercija. O kur reikia surinkti mokestį, kils ginčų dėl tarifų ir metodų. Importuotus produktus buvo lengviau apmokestinti nei vidaus produkciją, todėl importo muitai buvo vieni iš pirmųjų mokesčių. Dvi ryškiausios mokesčių rūšys, išsivysčiusios pasaulio istorijos raidoje, buvo „specifinis“ ir „ad valorem“ muitai. Pirmuoju atveju valstybė taikė mokestį už prekių vienetą – tai buvo gana lengva pritaikyti. Antruoju atveju valstybė nustatė mokestį, pagrįstą prekių verte, ir tai pareikalavo nustatyti ir vykdyti taisykles, reglamentuojančias jų įvertinimą. Kitaip tariant, muitinis įvertinimas tampa aktualus, kai muitai apskaičiuojami remiantis „ad valorem“ principu.
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