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Customs taxes are a form of taxation imposed on goods imported into a country. They are typically levied on the value of the goods, and are intended to protect domestic industries from foreign … competition. In the European Union (EU), customs duties are harmonized across all member states. This means that the same rate of duty is applied to the same goods, regardless of which EU country they are imported into, however, there are some exceptions to this rule. Also, not only Duties has to be paid before release to free circulation. E-commerce is the buying and selling of goods and services online. It has become increasingly popular in recent years, as it offers consumers a convenient and affordable way to shop. However, the growth of e-commerce has also led to an increase in the number of goods being imported into the EU. The influence of customs taxes on e-commerce imports can have a significant impact on private persons. For example, if a private person imports goods from a country outside of the EU, they may have to pay customs taxes on those goods. This can make imported goods more expensive, it can also take more time for delivery, and can discourage private persons from importing goods from outside of the EU. The following sections of this paper will explore this topic in more detail and will discuss the various factors that can influence the impact of customs taxes on e-commerce imports for private persons and propose a theoretical model of how customs taxes affect the e-commerce of private persons.

EU importers of cement, iron and steel, aluminium, fertilizers, electricity and hydrogen are preparing to submit their first report under the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), based … on emissions data from their third-country suppliers. What about other countries? Will they also introduce such climate measures, so that EU and other countries' suppliers (exporters) should be getting ready to prepare their emissions data? Indeed, there are similar initiatives in other countries, for example, the proposed U.S. Foreign Pollution Fee Act.

Despite officially leaving the EU’s single market in January 2021, the UK has delayed introducing full border controls several times due to concerns over cost and disruption. However, we now … know that these post-Brexit checks on plant and animal goods coming into the UK from EU countries will begin at the end of January 2024. What does this mean for businesses importing these goods into the UK? We provide a summary of the changes coming into effect and how the trader can prepare for these stricter border controls.

Note from the CCRM editors: The first part of the article provided an overview of the history, objectives and scope of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced by the EU. It also … examined the issue of whether the Paris Agreement on climate change foresees border adjustment measures by countries with high climate ambitions, and posed the following question: Is the CBAM fair towards developing countries? In this second part, the author provides an overview of the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which could justify the CBAM, his assessment of the CBAM Regulation, and shares a practical list of questions that companies can use in order to find out whether they are affected, and if so, how they can prepare to meet the CBAM requirements, in particular for the transitional period.

Skaitytojo klausimas: Kaip importuotojai gali užtikrinti atitiktį tokiems reikalavimams, kurie numatyti ES miškų naikinimo ir alinimo reglamente (apie iššūkius rašoma dr. David Savage straipsnyje … „Ar Briuselis gali išgelbėti pasaulio atogrąžų miškus?“)?

Did you know that the EU imports around 26 kg of textiles per person per year? And around 11 kg are thrown away? That clothes are usually only worn 7 or 8 times? The EU is working on an EU strategy … for sustainable and circular textiles (see European Parliament resolution, published in the Official Journal on 21.12.2023), as textiles have the fourth highest negative impact on the climate and the environment, after food, housing and mobility. This article invites you to reflect on what can/ needs to be done in customs area to contribute to the EU's and global sustainability objectives. For example, whether customs tariffs or preferential rules of origin promote the circular economy, i.e. the import of used textiles for reuse or recycling and other sustainable options.

Today, we often talk about circular economy goals and the ambition to reduce waste by extending the life of products through reuse, repair, refurbishment or recycling. The legal framework is … still under development. For example, there are provisions in the EU Combined Nomenclature for certain waste and scrap and for used cars, but no such provisions for used car parts - this can lead to difficulties when declaring these goods for the chosen customs procedure. Let us give an overview and discuss a current practical situation in Lithuania regarding the environmental and customs requirements for the declaration of parts of used cars for export.

According to customs data, since the introduction of sanctions, Latvian customs performed 184,972 cargo document controls and 6,027 cargo physical controls. In 8,396 cases, customs prevented … the movement of goods subject to sanctions. In 2022, 114 criminal proceedings have been initiated for the circumvention of sanctions, and in 2023, – 87 criminal proceedings. Considering the above, economic operators who move goods from or to Russia and Belarus or countries that could be used to circumvent sanctions should consider the consequences mentioned in this article.

“Dabar kaip importuotojai pildysime PADKM (red. past. pasienio anglies dioksido korekcinio mechanizmo) deklaracijas, bet ar nebus taip, kad mūsų gamybininkams atsiras prievolė teikti duomenis … apie gamybos emisijas dėl tokių pačių ar panašių kitų šalių reikalavimų?” – tokį klausimą diskusijoje iškėlė skaitytojas. Iš ties, kokie kitų šalių, svarbių ES prekybos partnerių, planai? Atsakydami į klausimą apžvelgiame JAV kongrese svarstomą “Užsienio taršos mokesčio aktą”.

Note from the CCRM editors: This first part of the article provides an overview of the history, objectives and scope of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced by the EU. It … also examines the issue of whether the Paris Agreement on climate change foresees border adjustment measures by countries with high climate ambitions, and poses the following question: Is the CBAM fair towards developing countries? In the second part, the author will provide an overview of the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which could justify the CBAM, his assessment of the CBAM Regulation, and share a practical list of questions that companies can use in order to find out whether they are affected, and if so, how they can prepare to meet the CBAM requirements, in particular for the transitional period.

Where do we draw the line between non-tariff measures that help governments achieve important goals (e.g. sustainability) and non-tariff barriers that unnecessarily restrict trade? How can SMEs … ensure compliance in an increasingly complex regulatory environment (international sanctions, export controls, SPS, CBAM, REACH, forced labour, etc.)? As a distributor, how do you control the supply chain with multiple points of sale and resale, especially in relation to export control? These and other related questions were addressed at the 18th Authors' Meeting in an exchange of views between experts from different countries - the EU, the UK, the US, Brazil and Pakistan.

This article discusses the challenges faced by the Bulgarian automotive industry in the context of EU sanctions against Russia and Belarus. A national customs risk profile has been introduced, … triggered by the export of certain automotive parts of HS Chapters 84 and 85 to Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Kazakhstan and others. The documents and information required from the consignee of the goods in the third country and the end user of the goods (if different) in order for these goods to be exported are problematic, as it is often very difficult, if not impossible, to obtain this data.

Understanding the terms Double Taxation and Double Taxation Avoidance Agreements (DTAAs) is crucial in the field of international taxation, as they encapsulate complex scenarios that impact cross-border … trade and investments. This paper aims to unravel the conceptual framework of DTAAs, assessing their advantages and disadvantages in the realm of international trade. By presenting case studies, this paper endeavors to delineate how DTAAs influence international trade decisions, offering a pragmatic understanding of their significance.

According to UNCTAD, 90 % of global trade is subject to non-tariff measures (NTMs). NTMs can increase trade costs three times as much as tariffs. NTMs often lack transparency. This increases … uncertainty and unpredictability in global trade. At the same time, NTMs can be beneficial for international trade, as they guarantee quality through certification, provide information about products through labelling, reflect a commitment to socially important issues through labelling and environmental standards, etc. This article briefly describes what non-tariff measures are, what purpose they fulfil and what impact they have.

Non-tariff measures are policy measures other than ordinary customs tariffs that can potentially have an economic impact on international trade in goods by changing the quantities traded, prices … or both.

In the manufacturing industry, there are often complex supply chains where chemical substances cross borders between the UK and the EU several times. In this article we provide an overview of … how REACH works in the EU (including the current revision) and in the UK, the implications for businesses and also address the Windsor Framework for Northern Ireland. Most companies use chemicals, sometimes even without realising it, therefore you need to check your obligations if you handle any chemicals in your industrial or professional activity. You might have some responsibilities under EU REACH or UK REACH or both.

Europos Sąjungos Teisingumo Teismas (ESTT) išnagrinėjo bylą, kurioje spręstas klausimas, ar transporto įmonė, tranzitu gabenanti prekes iš Olandijos uosto į prekių importo valstybę - Rumuniją … - gali savo paslaugoms automatiškai taikyti 0 proc. PVM (kaip transporto paslaugoms, susijusioms su importu), ar visgi turi papildomai įsitikinti, kad importuotojas PVM nuo šių paslaugų tinkamai įtraukė į prekių importo PVM apmokestinamąją vertę. Ir jeigu neįrodo, turi PVM nuo šių paslaugų sumokėti pats. ESTT patvirtino transporto įmonėms nepalankią poziciją - automatinio 0 proc. taikymo šiuo atveju negali būti. Visgi, mokesčių administratorius privalo atsižvelgti į visus galimus pateikti įrodymus.