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Teisingas, tinkamas bei efektyvus tarptautinių sankcijų taikymas prekėms, importuojamoms iš valstybių, kurioms nustatyti prekybos draudimai ar apribojimai, yra labai svarbi šiandieninė aktualija. … Už tarptautinių sankcijų, susijusių tarptautine prekyba prekėmis, ir jų neteisėtu įvežimu ar išvežimu į (ar iš) ES bei Lietuvos Respublikos muitų teritoriją(-os) bei deklaravimu (jei tai nesukėlė didelės žalos valstybei (visuomenei)), paprastai taikoma administracinė atsakomybė pagal Administracinių nusižengimų kodekso 515 straipsnį. Tačiau praktikoje neretai pasitaiko ir situacijų, kuomet pačios valstybės institucijos (pavyzdžiui, muitinės įstaigos) netiksliai įvertina įvežamų prekių pobūdį, priima jų eksporto ar importo deklaracijas, ir oficialiai leidžia jas išvežti ar įvežti, bet vėliau pakeičia savo sprendimus bei atgaline tvarka (retroaktyviai) vertina jau realiai įvykusius, užbaigtus ir deklaruotus prekių tiekimo sandorius, taip pat siekia pritaikyti (už jų vykdymą bei deklaravimą) teisinę atsakomybę. Ir verslo praktikams, ir teisininkams, dirbantiems prekybos ar muitų (muitinės) teisės srityse tokiose situacijose iš esmės visuomet kyla klausimas – ar tokia praktika teisėta ir teisinga? Šiame straipsnyje siekiama atsakyti į minėtą klausimą remiantis naujausia teismų praktika (Lietuvoje) bei jų pateiktais aktualiais išaiškinimais.

Editors' note: The recent 20th Authors' Meeting dealt with issues of origin for customs purposes. At this meeting, the author presented two Israeli court cases - one concerning an unauthorised … person signing the certificate of preferential origin and the other concerning whether pistachios originated in Iran or Turkey (non-preferential origin for the application of prohibitions). The cases are not necessarily new, but they deal with relevant questions: What happens if the proof of preferential origin is signed by an unauthorised person? Can the authorisation be granted retrospectively? Is the 'statistical and reasonableness check' sufficient for customs to reject the declared non-preferential origin of the goods?

Customs value and transfer pricing could be likened to Siamese twins - that's how closely linked they are. Let's discuss some practical questions related to the year-end transfer pricing adjustments: … If the price is revised upwards, does the importer have to go to customs and pay additional duties? If the price is revised downwards, is the importer entitled to a refund of duties? If the goods are duty-free and there is no excise duty, but only import VAT (which is deductible in any case)?

The Israel Customs Authority does not seem to be a fan of discounts. It appealed against the judgement of the District Court, in which the court clarified that the Customs Authority cannot, on … the one hand, rely on the fact that the price is subject to a condition (discount) that cannot be assessed and the transaction price is therefore invalid, and, on the other hand, base the assessment on the transaction price but without the condition. Let's take a look at what the Supreme Court had to say in this dispute. The disputed amount is about ILS 5 million (~1.3 million Eur).

Israel has been in a state of war for the past three months. This war has had an impact on international trade, particularly on customs valuation, including for importers in other countries such … as the EU, as explained in more detail in this article.

Editors’ note: In this second part of the article, the author highlights the similarities and differences between customs valuation and transfer pricing and emphasises that the requirements may … differ for the same goods. He also outlines the solutions used by customs in different countries. For example, the Canada Border Services Agency considers the transfer price to be the ‘uninfluenced’ price paid or payable for imported goods if a written transfer price agreement exists between a vendor and a related purchaser and is in effect at the time of importation.

Editors' note: In November, the European Commission published the news 'New transfer pricing rules to make life easier for businesses in the EU'. The new rules are necessary to address several … challenges, including the competing objectives of customs and tax authorities, which lead to double compliance requirements. The problem is global. According to the Corporate Tax Association of Australia (CTAA), 'it is unacceptable for a business to be required to satisfy two arms of the same government, one demanding a higher price and the other a lower price in respect of the same transaction'. In this first part of the article, the author provides an overview of the rules and methods of customs valuation and transfer pricing.

Transfer pricing is a rule that was designed in international taxation to establish which part of the income within a multinational enterprise needs to be allocated between two companies in the … same group if they have a transaction between them. The rule, in general, is that they need to act as if they were third parties in order to establish the third-party price. Transfer pricing is important for determining the customs value of goods.

The issue of customs valuation is extremely important for Ukraine. The author has written about it in previous issues of the journal. A special case of customs valuation is no exception - when … the seller and the buyer are related parties. The concept of "related parties" in Ukrainian legislation is fully compatible with the GATT, as the Customs Code of Ukraine refers directly to Article 15 of the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement rather than defining this concept. It would seem that if there is nothing wrong with the legislation and if it is in line with accepted standards and principles, there should be no problems with its application. However, this is not the case.

Presumption of guilt - you'll say it doesn't work that way. Unfortunately, in tax law, the taxpayer is presumed to be guilty of breaching the tax law unless he proves otherwise. The only question … is whether, even if proven not guilty, the taxpayer will not have to pay the tax. In a recent judgment, the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) clarified whether the owner of an excise warehouse (whose guilt has not been proven) will have to pay the suspended taxes (in this case almost €3 million) in a case where the evidence of the completion of the formalities has been falsified and where the goods have been transported to an unknown destination. The clarifications are important not only for the owners of excise warehouses, but also for all users of suspended tax regimes - transit, customs warehousing, temporary admission for processing and others - in order to better understand, assess and manage the risks involved. The CJEU has also clarified when goods are considered "lost" and no tax is due.

Muitinės sandėlyje apskaitos pažeidimai gali būti nustatomi įvairiomis formomis: tai ir nustatyti prekių trūkumai ar perteklius, prekių perdavimo sandėlio viduje klaidos, neteisingas duomenų … suvedimas. Tačiau tam tikrais atvejais, net išvežus prekes iš muitinės sandėlio ir tinkamai užbaigus sandėliavimo procedūrą, gali atsirasti mokestinė prievolė muitinei. Tokia situacija nagrinėjama aktualioje teismo byloje.

The Romanian company provides transportation services. It transported goods from the port of Rotterdam (the Netherlands) to Cluj-Napoca (Romania) under transit procedure. Goods were released … into free circulation in Romania. It treated transportation service as VAT exempt because it assumed that transportation cost was included into the import VAT taxable base. Tax authorities claimed otherwise: the taxpayer failed to provide documents confirming that the transportation cost was included into the import VAT taxable base. Consequently, they denied the exemption. The dispute between the company and the tax authorities reached as far as the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU), which recently issued clarifications on the application of the provisions of the VAT Directive in this case.

Can a small difference between Canadian customs legislation and the WTO Customs Valuation Agreement really affect the customs valuation process and its outcome? The following article attempts … to answer this question.

Redakcija: Tinkamai neužbaigus tranzito procedūros, už mokesčių sumokėjimą atsako procedūros vykdytojas (garantiją pateikęs asmuo). Tačiau nelieka be atsakomybės ir vežėjas, priėmęs gabenti muitinės … priežiūroje esančias prekes - jis tampa skolininku kaip asmuo, kuris žinojo, kad muitų teisės aktais nustatyta pareiga nebuvo įvykdyta ir kuris dalyvavo atliekant veiksmus, dėl kurių ta pareiga nebuvo įvykdyta (žr. Sąjungos muitinės kodekso 79(3)(b) straipsnį). Kas yra tinkamas tranzito procedūros užbaigimo įrodymas? Aktuali teismų praktika dar kartą rodo, kad ieškoma įvairiausių (sėkmės neatnešančių) sprendimų, kokius įrodymus pateikti, nors teisės aktais yra apibrėžtas baigtinis jų sąrašas.

Ekspeditorių pagrindinė funkcija yra krovinių gabenimo organizavimas. Pačios ekspedicinės įmonės dažniausiai nevykdo pervežimų, kaip nevykdo ir kitų funkcijų, pvz., nepildo muitinės deklaracijų. … Atskirais atvejais pagal sutarties su užsakovu sąlygas, ekspeditorius gali prisiimti ir kitas atsakomybes. Aptarsime teismo bylą dėl ekspeditoriaus atsakomybės už krovinį, kuriam taikoma veterinarinė kontrolė ir neatitikties pasekmes. Ekspeditoriaus nuostoliai šioje situacijoje – virš 200 000 Eur.

Customs valuation is one of the most problematic areas of customs, whatever the country or territory. Experts from different continents - from North and South America to Europe and Asia - confirmed … this at the 16th Authors' Meeting. The following is a summary of the main conclusions of this event. The topics covered: discounts, advertising costs, “fair prices” vs transaction value, the arm’s length principle when moving stock between branches, sourcing goods from non-market economies, advance valuation rulings, etc.

Redakcijos įvadas. Naujai išleistoje JAV autoriaus Mark K. Neville, Jr. knygoje muitinio įvertinimo tema, pirmoji autoriaus padėka skirta Monikai Bielskienei, „Muitų teisė praktikams“ redakcinės … kolegijos narei. Džiaugiamės ir didžiuojamės, bei, žinoma, pakvietėme Moniką pasidalinti susijusiomis mintimis ir įžvalgomis apie knygą, kurią Monika pokalbio metu pavadino muitinio įvertinimo išminties „koncentratu“.

The State of Israel is a member of the WTO and complies with the Valuation Agreement. However, with regard to discounts, the State imposes many conditions and obstacles for a discount to be accepted, … in a way that may deviate from the spirit of the Agreement.