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AfCFTA: Towards harmonisation of rules of origin
27-03-2024

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), approved in 2012 by the African Union’s (AU) 18th Ordinary Session of Assembly of Heads of State and Government, is one of the Flagship Projects of the AU’s Agenda 2063. The Action Plan for Boosting intra-African trade has a strong focus on accelerating intra-African trade and boosting Africa’s trading position in the global market, in particular through implementation of trade facilitation standards and tools. We provide a brief overview of AfCFTA rules of origin.

Mette Werdelin Azzam

origin
en
AfCFTA: Towards harmonisation of rules of origin
27-03-2024

The African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), approved in 2012 by the African Union’s (AU) 18th Ordinary Session of Assembly of Heads of State and Government, is one of the Flagship Projects of the AU’s Agenda 2063. The Action Plan for Boosting intra-African trade has a strong focus on accelerating intra-African trade and boosting Africa’s trading position in the global market, in particular through implementation of trade facilitation standards and tools. We provide a brief overview of AfCFTA rules of origin.

Mette Werdelin Azzam

origin
en
UK’s Border Target Operating Model:
46min
image

Customs Knowledge Institute

‎ €19.90
restrictions, trade barriers
en
UK’s Border Target Operating Model: Impact on trade
46min
image

Customs Knowledge Institute

‎ €19.90
restrictions, trade barriers
en, lt
Two lessons from case law on the origin of goods
20-03-2024

Editors' note: The recent 20th Authors' Meeting dealt with issues of origin for customs purposes. At this meeting, the author presented two Israeli court cases - one concerning an unauthorised person signing the certificate of preferential origin and the other concerning whether pistachios originated in Iran or Turkey (non-preferential origin for the application of prohibitions). The cases are not necessarily new, but they deal with relevant questions: What happens if the proof of preferential origin is signed by an unauthorised person? Can the authorisation be granted retrospectively? Is the 'statistical and reasonableness check' sufficient for customs to reject the declared non-preferential origin of the goods?

Omer Wagner

origin
en, lt
Two lessons from case law on the origin of goods
20-03-2024

Editors' note: The recent 20th Authors' Meeting dealt with issues of origin for customs purposes. At this meeting, the author presented two Israeli court cases - one concerning an unauthorised person signing the certificate of preferential origin and the other concerning whether pistachios originated in Iran or Turkey (non-preferential origin for the application of prohibitions). The cases are not necessarily new, but they deal with relevant questions: What happens if the proof of preferential origin is signed by an unauthorised person? Can the authorisation be granted retrospectively? Is the 'statistical and reasonableness check' sufficient for customs to reject the declared non-preferential origin of the goods?

Omer Wagner

origin
en, lt
Sustainability requirements: How to operate in the new reality?
10-03-2024

'Deep origin' is a phrase coined by Brain Staples. It is a description of the sustainability-focused regulatory environment now being increasingly faced by customs and traders. It goes beyond customs when it comes to implementing sanctions or other prohibitions on importation of endangered goods, goods manufactured by forced labour, or by slavery, or by other undesirable practices. How to operate in this increasingly complex regulatory environment?

Brian Staples

sustainability
en, lt
Sustainability requirements: How to operate in the new reality?
10-03-2024

'Deep origin' is a phrase coined by Brain Staples. It is a description of the sustainability-focused regulatory environment now being increasingly faced by customs and traders. It goes beyond customs when it comes to implementing sanctions or other prohibitions on importation of endangered goods, goods manufactured by forced labour, or by slavery, or by other undesirable practices. How to operate in this increasingly complex regulatory environment?

Brian Staples

sustainability
en
Some thoughts on origin
22min
image

Anthony Buckley

‎ €19.99
origin
en
Some thoughts on origin
22min
image

Anthony Buckley

‎ €19.99
origin
en
WCO published a Study on the Digitalization of the Certificate of Origin
23-02-2024

In 2022, the WCO Secretariat sent a questionnaire to the Organization’s Members to gather information on certification of origin processes and the digitalization of the certificate of origin (CO). Eighty-four Customs administrations responded, and a Study on the Digitalization of the Certificate of Origin, containing an analysis of the information received, was published in December 2023.

origin
en
WCO published a Study on the Digitalization of the Certificate of Origin
23-02-2024

In 2022, the WCO Secretariat sent a questionnaire to the Organization’s Members to gather information on certification of origin processes and the digitalization of the certificate of origin (CO). Eighty-four Customs administrations responded, and a Study on the Digitalization of the Certificate of Origin, containing an analysis of the information received, was published in December 2023.

origin
en
Supporting trade integration in Africa: two new publications under the EU-WCO Rules of Origin Africa Programme
23-02-2024

The Study provides a comparative analysis of origin provisions in a region which has the most numerous and complex overlapping trade regimes of the entire African continent.

Team in charge of the EU-WCO Rules of Origin Africa Programme

origin
en
Supporting trade integration in Africa: two new publications under the EU-WCO Rules of Origin Africa Programme
23-02-2024

The Study provides a comparative analysis of origin provisions in a region which has the most numerous and complex overlapping trade regimes of the entire African continent.

Team in charge of the EU-WCO Rules of Origin Africa Programme

origin
en
BTOM Checklist for movements to GB
01h 01min
image

Customs Knowledge Institute

‎ €24.99
restrictions, trade barriers
en
BTOM Checklist for movements to GB
01h 01min
image

Customs Knowledge Institute

‎ €24.99
restrictions, trade barriers
en
Compliant on Forced Labor? Prove It: The Expansion of U.S. Anti-Forced Labor Laws and Compliance Requirements for Importers
21-01-2024

Forced labor is on the rise worldwide. The United States is one of the largest importers of merchandise at risk of being produced with forced labor and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is committed to identifying products made with forced labor and preventing them from entering the United States. From FY 2022 to date, CBP’s forced labor enforcement has impacted over $ 2 billion worth of shipments. Clearly, companies have a lot at stake, and compliance with anti-forced labor requirements is critical not only from a corporate responsibility standpoint but due to the impact it may have on a company’s financial position.

Simeon A. Yerokun

restrictions, trade barriers
en
Compliant on Forced Labor? Prove It: The Expansion of U.S. Anti-Forced Labor Laws and Compliance Requirements for Importers
21-01-2024

Forced labor is on the rise worldwide. The United States is one of the largest importers of merchandise at risk of being produced with forced labor and U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is committed to identifying products made with forced labor and preventing them from entering the United States. From FY 2022 to date, CBP’s forced labor enforcement has impacted over $ 2 billion worth of shipments. Clearly, companies have a lot at stake, and compliance with anti-forced labor requirements is critical not only from a corporate responsibility standpoint but due to the impact it may have on a company’s financial position.

Simeon A. Yerokun

restrictions, trade barriers
en
UK BTOM Commences
31min
image

Anthony Buckley

‎ €19.99
restrictions, trade barriers
en
UK BTOM Commences
31min
image

Anthony Buckley

‎ €19.99
restrictions, trade barriers
en
UK customs-related updates: BTOM, CDS (II)
14-01-2024

Despite officially leaving the EU’s single market in January 2021, the UK has delayed introducing full border controls several times due to concerns over cost and disruption. However, we now know that these post-Brexit checks on plant and animal goods coming into the UK from EU countries will begin at the end of January 2024. What does this mean for businesses importing these goods into the UK? We provide a summary of the changes coming into effect and how the trader can prepare for these stricter border controls.

Mark Rowbotham

restrictions, trade barriers
en
UK customs-related updates: BTOM, CDS (II)
14-01-2024

Despite officially leaving the EU’s single market in January 2021, the UK has delayed introducing full border controls several times due to concerns over cost and disruption. However, we now know that these post-Brexit checks on plant and animal goods coming into the UK from EU countries will begin at the end of January 2024. What does this mean for businesses importing these goods into the UK? We provide a summary of the changes coming into effect and how the trader can prepare for these stricter border controls.

Mark Rowbotham

restrictions, trade barriers
en, lt
CBAM: History, objectives, scope, and its compatibility with international law (II)
03-01-2024

Note from the CCRM editors: The first part of the article provided an overview of the history, objectives and scope of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced by the EU. It also examined the issue of whether the Paris Agreement on climate change foresees border adjustment measures by countries with high climate ambitions, and posed the following question: Is the CBAM fair towards developing countries? In this second part, the author provides an overview of the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which could justify the CBAM, his assessment of the CBAM Regulation, and shares a practical list of questions that companies can use in order to find out whether they are affected, and if so, how they can prepare to meet the CBAM requirements, in particular for the transitional period.

Michael Lux

restrictions, trade barriers
en, lt
CBAM: History, objectives, scope, and its compatibility with international law (II)
03-01-2024

Note from the CCRM editors: The first part of the article provided an overview of the history, objectives and scope of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced by the EU. It also examined the issue of whether the Paris Agreement on climate change foresees border adjustment measures by countries with high climate ambitions, and posed the following question: Is the CBAM fair towards developing countries? In this second part, the author provides an overview of the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which could justify the CBAM, his assessment of the CBAM Regulation, and shares a practical list of questions that companies can use in order to find out whether they are affected, and if so, how they can prepare to meet the CBAM requirements, in particular for the transitional period.

Michael Lux

restrictions, trade barriers
en
e-Certificate of Origin: the failing vision of efficiency and a possible solution
26-12-2023

The World Customs Organization has published a comprehensive study on the digitalisation of the Certificate of Origin (CO). This article provides a short summary of the existing CO issues and suggests some solutions that could help achieve the long-term digitalisation goals – such as the framework for trusted digital signatures currently used in the EU.

Dr Ramūnas Šablinskas

IT systems, databases, origin
en
e-Certificate of Origin: the failing vision of efficiency and a possible solution
26-12-2023

The World Customs Organization has published a comprehensive study on the digitalisation of the Certificate of Origin (CO). This article provides a short summary of the existing CO issues and suggests some solutions that could help achieve the long-term digitalisation goals – such as the framework for trusted digital signatures currently used in the EU.

Dr Ramūnas Šablinskas

IT systems, databases, origin
en, lt
Determination of the non-preferential origin of goods: All you need is... luck
10-12-2023

Legal clarity and certainty are what compliant companies need in order to be able to concentrate on their core activities. Legislators are trying to fulfil this need by, for example, introducing additional legislation such as binding information (BI) decisions. Frustratingly, the more legislation, the less clarity. BI decisions issued by customs authorities can be overturned by the European Commission (e.g. Harley-Davidson case), or the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) can rule in a dispute over a BI decision that the European Commission has exceeded its powers when adopting delegated legislation, which raises the question of how binding the rules laid down in the delegated regulations, e.g. the UCC Delegated Act, are. On the latter, we provide a brief overview of a recent CJEU judgement on the rules of non-preferential origin.

Enrika Naujokė

origin
en, lt
Determination of the non-preferential origin of goods: All you need is... luck
10-12-2023

Legal clarity and certainty are what compliant companies need in order to be able to concentrate on their core activities. Legislators are trying to fulfil this need by, for example, introducing additional legislation such as binding information (BI) decisions. Frustratingly, the more legislation, the less clarity. BI decisions issued by customs authorities can be overturned by the European Commission (e.g. Harley-Davidson case), or the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) can rule in a dispute over a BI decision that the European Commission has exceeded its powers when adopting delegated legislation, which raises the question of how binding the rules laid down in the delegated regulations, e.g. the UCC Delegated Act, are. On the latter, we provide a brief overview of a recent CJEU judgement on the rules of non-preferential origin.

Enrika Naujokė

origin
en, lt
Used car parts - export of waste or goods for reuse?
10-12-2023

Today, we often talk about circular economy goals and the ambition to reduce waste by extending the life of products through reuse, repair, refurbishment or recycling. The legal framework is still under development. For example, there are provisions in the EU Combined Nomenclature for certain waste and scrap and for used cars, but no such provisions for used car parts - this can lead to difficulties when declaring these goods for the chosen customs procedure. Let us give an overview and discuss a current practical situation in Lithuania regarding the environmental and customs requirements for the declaration of parts of used cars for export.

Jurgita Stanienė

restrictions, trade barriers
en, lt
Used car parts - export of waste or goods for reuse?
10-12-2023

Today, we often talk about circular economy goals and the ambition to reduce waste by extending the life of products through reuse, repair, refurbishment or recycling. The legal framework is still under development. For example, there are provisions in the EU Combined Nomenclature for certain waste and scrap and for used cars, but no such provisions for used car parts - this can lead to difficulties when declaring these goods for the chosen customs procedure. Let us give an overview and discuss a current practical situation in Lithuania regarding the environmental and customs requirements for the declaration of parts of used cars for export.

Jurgita Stanienė

restrictions, trade barriers
en, lt
What to expect if you transport goods to (or from) Russia and Belarus via Latvia?
06-12-2023

According to customs data, since the introduction of sanctions, Latvian customs performed 184,972 cargo document controls and 6,027 cargo physical controls. In 8,396 cases, customs prevented the movement of goods subject to sanctions. In 2022, 114 criminal proceedings have been initiated for the circumvention of sanctions, and in 2023, – 87 criminal proceedings. Considering the above, economic operators who move goods from or to Russia and Belarus or countries that could be used to circumvent sanctions should consider the consequences mentioned in this article.

Alisa Leskovica

restrictions, trade barriers
en, lt
What to expect if you transport goods to (or from) Russia and Belarus via Latvia?
06-12-2023

According to customs data, since the introduction of sanctions, Latvian customs performed 184,972 cargo document controls and 6,027 cargo physical controls. In 8,396 cases, customs prevented the movement of goods subject to sanctions. In 2022, 114 criminal proceedings have been initiated for the circumvention of sanctions, and in 2023, – 87 criminal proceedings. Considering the above, economic operators who move goods from or to Russia and Belarus or countries that could be used to circumvent sanctions should consider the consequences mentioned in this article.

Alisa Leskovica

restrictions, trade barriers
en, lt
Thoughts on non-preferential & Deep origin
03-12-2023

The fundamental premise of these notes is that the absence of any harmonization for rules of non-preferential rules of origin is increasingly and very rapidly creating additional discriminatory opportunities to expand and extend the scope and impact of a wide range of trade policies and trade restrictions. A brief analysis will provide a few examples of this phenomena, including an examination of its probable causes, and possible approaches to mitigate related barriers to international trade. The final notes will examine potential information and data contradictions in the current efforts to control so-called 'negative externalities' by way of 'deep origin' requirements, such as forced labour and carbon measures, at the border.

Brian Staples

origin
en, lt
Thoughts on non-preferential & Deep origin
03-12-2023

The fundamental premise of these notes is that the absence of any harmonization for rules of non-preferential rules of origin is increasingly and very rapidly creating additional discriminatory opportunities to expand and extend the scope and impact of a wide range of trade policies and trade restrictions. A brief analysis will provide a few examples of this phenomena, including an examination of its probable causes, and possible approaches to mitigate related barriers to international trade. The final notes will examine potential information and data contradictions in the current efforts to control so-called 'negative externalities' by way of 'deep origin' requirements, such as forced labour and carbon measures, at the border.

Brian Staples

origin
en, lt
CBAM: History, objectives, scope, and its compatibility with international law (I)
30-11-2023

Note from the CCRM editors: This first part of the article provides an overview of the history, objectives and scope of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced by the EU. It also examines the issue of whether the Paris Agreement on climate change foresees border adjustment measures by countries with high climate ambitions, and poses the following question: Is the CBAM fair towards developing countries? In the second part, the author will provide an overview of the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which could justify the CBAM, his assessment of the CBAM Regulation, and share a practical list of questions that companies can use in order to find out whether they are affected, and if so, how they can prepare to meet the CBAM requirements, in particular for the transitional period.

Michael Lux

restrictions, trade barriers
en, lt
CBAM: History, objectives, scope, and its compatibility with international law (I)
30-11-2023

Note from the CCRM editors: This first part of the article provides an overview of the history, objectives and scope of the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) introduced by the EU. It also examines the issue of whether the Paris Agreement on climate change foresees border adjustment measures by countries with high climate ambitions, and poses the following question: Is the CBAM fair towards developing countries? In the second part, the author will provide an overview of the provisions of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) which could justify the CBAM, his assessment of the CBAM Regulation, and share a practical list of questions that companies can use in order to find out whether they are affected, and if so, how they can prepare to meet the CBAM requirements, in particular for the transitional period.

Michael Lux

restrictions, trade barriers
en
Non-tariff measures: the biggest challenges in 2023
19-11-2023

Where do we draw the line between non-tariff measures that help governments achieve important goals (e.g. sustainability) and non-tariff barriers that unnecessarily restrict trade? How can SMEs ensure compliance in an increasingly complex regulatory environment (international sanctions, export controls, SPS, CBAM, REACH, forced labour, etc.)? As a distributor, how do you control the supply chain with multiple points of sale and resale, especially in relation to export control? These and other related questions were addressed at the 18th Authors' Meeting in an exchange of views between experts from different countries - the EU, the UK, the US, Brazil and Pakistan.

restrictions, trade barriers
en
Non-tariff measures: the biggest challenges in 2023
19-11-2023

Where do we draw the line between non-tariff measures that help governments achieve important goals (e.g. sustainability) and non-tariff barriers that unnecessarily restrict trade? How can SMEs ensure compliance in an increasingly complex regulatory environment (international sanctions, export controls, SPS, CBAM, REACH, forced labour, etc.)? As a distributor, how do you control the supply chain with multiple points of sale and resale, especially in relation to export control? These and other related questions were addressed at the 18th Authors' Meeting in an exchange of views between experts from different countries - the EU, the UK, the US, Brazil and Pakistan.

restrictions, trade barriers
en, lt
EU sanctions against RU and BY: non-tariff measures or non-tariff barriers?
19-11-2023

This article discusses the challenges faced by the Bulgarian automotive industry in the context of EU sanctions against Russia and Belarus. A national customs risk profile has been introduced, triggered by the export of certain automotive parts of HS Chapters 84 and 85 to Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Kazakhstan and others. The documents and information required from the consignee of the goods in the third country and the end user of the goods (if different) in order for these goods to be exported are problematic, as it is often very difficult, if not impossible, to obtain this data.

Boryana Peycheva

restrictions, trade barriers
en, lt
EU sanctions against RU and BY: non-tariff measures or non-tariff barriers?
19-11-2023

This article discusses the challenges faced by the Bulgarian automotive industry in the context of EU sanctions against Russia and Belarus. A national customs risk profile has been introduced, triggered by the export of certain automotive parts of HS Chapters 84 and 85 to Turkey, the United Arab Emirates, Kazakhstan and others. The documents and information required from the consignee of the goods in the third country and the end user of the goods (if different) in order for these goods to be exported are problematic, as it is often very difficult, if not impossible, to obtain this data.

Boryana Peycheva

restrictions, trade barriers
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