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About the journal

Dear Reader,

Customs formalities cover global supply chains from the country of exportation to the country of importation. The legal rules to be addressed on the way are extensive (tariff, non-tariff, safety, etc.). They vary across countries and regions, change constantly, and often are inaccessible because of the language barrier and/ or unavailability online. 

Businesses aim to arrange customs formalities in the most cost-effective way, taking into account tariff preferences, the variety of customs procedures, and the simplifications. Therefore, the task to ensure compliant and cost-effective customs formalities is a complex one and any customs-related topic is in the scope of the journal. 

At the core of the Customs Compliance & Risk Management Journal for Practitioners in Europe are these keywords: up-to-date customs knowledge, compliance, harmonisation and simplification of the international and national rules (the simpler the rules, the easier to trade and to manage compliance and risks).

The first bi-monthly issue was released at the end of March 2020. Stakeholders - business, customs, academia, and others - from all over the world are invited to read the journal and to contribute articles.

The Editorial Board:
Enrika Naujokė, CC Learning, UAB, Lithuania
Dr David Savage, Ireland
Roberto Raya da Silva, Raya Consult, Brazil
Prof Dr Borys Kormych, National University 'Odesa Law Academy', Ukraine
Dr Ilona Mishchenko, National University 'Odesa Law Academy', Ukraine
Samuel Draginich, Amazon EU, Luxembourg
Ira Reese, Global Security and Innovative Solutions, the USA
Mark Rowbotham, Portcullis ISC, the UK
Omer Wagner, Israel
Svitlana Siurik, Belgium

We will be happy to answer your questions. Contact us: info@customslcear.net  

Best regards,
Editorial Board

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Terms and conditions

Terms and Conditions

Responsibility for the content. The information contained in the Customs Compliance & Risk Management Journal for Practitioners in Europe is for general information purposes only and cannot be construed as legal advice, conclusion or consultation. The publisher CC Learning, UAB (CustomsClear, the Publisher) does not necessarily agree with the views of the authors of articles.

Distribution. The exclusive right to distribute the journal belongs to the Publisher. The paid articles of the journal are only for the use of those who have acquired them lawfully. The originals or copies of the articles may not be distributed, sold, rented, lent or otherwise transferred without the written consent of CustomsClear.

Procedure upon violation. The Publisher will make every effort to resolve any disputes in a consensual manner and therefore asks to be notified (using the contact details provided) of any conflict or misunderstanding before other steps are taken.

Disclaimer. The Publisher accepts no liability for the quality of the information provided or for it being correct, complete or up-to-date. It is the sole responsibility of the authors themselves to ensure compliance with intellectual property rights. We expect authors to indemnify and hold the CustomsClear harmless from any loss, damage, claim, expense or costs, that may be incurred or sustained in connection with or in any way arising out as a result of intellectual property violation claims.

Contact: info@customsclear.net 

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Information for authors

Information for Authors

Writing an article is a great way to share your knowledge and, if relevant, to inform readers about your expertise in a particular field of Customs.

Articles are contributed on a non-remunerated basis. Thanking you for your contribution, we will invite you to meet other authors in bimonthly online meetings.

The ISSN 2669-2171 number can be used for academic purposes.

Reader

The reader of the journal is a practitioner dealing with customs-related questions first of all in business. She or he might be a beginner or experienced one. Therefore, please write for practitioners, delivering your message in a simple and clear way. 

Language 

The main language of the journal is English. However, practitioners in many countries do not speak English, therefore, we encourage to write the article in several languages up to your choice.

Structure and length

Please start with about 3-5 sentences introducing what is your article about. Structure the article in short paragraphs, use subtitles. At the end of the article (and/ or in the author’s profile), you may introduce your organisation and services.

The length of the article is up to your choice, the most important is to clearly deliver the knowledge/ the main message to the reader (there are articles of 1000 and of 3000 words, it can be less or more). 

Author’s profile

Additionally, you may send us a picture and a description of the author for the author's profile. The author's profile opens when you click on the author’s name in the article. 

Note

Please also read 'About the Journal' and 'Terms and Conditions'.

Contacts

We will be happy to answer your questions. Please contact us by info@customsclear.net

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All EU law Case law A coffee break with... Classification Valuation Origin Sustainability Import taxes Customs procedures Overviews and comments Compliance Online tools and resources Non-tariff measures EU - UK trade Country-specific Knowledge Filling out the customs declaration Career as a customs specialist Collaboration Students' section
EU law
Case law
A coffee break with...
Classification
Valuation
Origin
Sustainability
Import taxes
Customs procedures
Overviews and comments
Compliance
Online tools and resources
Non-tariff measures
EU - UK trade
Country-specific
Knowledge
Filling out the customs declaration
Career as a customs specialist
Collaboration
Students' section
en
Supplier's declaration in preferential trade: when to use it?
25-06-2023

Global trade based on preferential treatment offers benefits to its participants. The main one is a reduction in financial costs due to the application of reduced tariff rates when the goods … have a preferential origin. In other words, if a product originates in one country and is sold to another country with which there is a preferential trade agreement, the product may be subject to a reduced or even zero duty rate. However, the mere fact that the goods originate in a particular country is not enough to qualify for such benefits. The preferential origin of the goods must be proven, so that the customs authorities do not suspect any manipulation or fraud on the part of importers. Each specific preferential trade agreement sets out acceptable ways of proving the preferential origin of goods. A supplier's declaration is one of the means of proof. Let us find out what it is and when it can be used.

Annette Reiser, Dr. Ilona Mishchenko

€
origin
en
Supplier's declaration in preferential trade: when to use it?
25-06-2023

Global trade based on preferential treatment offers benefits to its participants. The main one is a reduction in financial costs due to the application of reduced tariff rates when the goods have a preferential origin. In other words, if a product originates in one country and is sold to another country with which there is a preferential trade agreement, the product may be subject to a reduced or even zero duty rate. However, the mere fact that the goods originate in a particular country is not enough to qualify for such benefits. The preferential origin of the goods must be proven, so that the customs authorities do not suspect any manipulation or fraud on the part of importers. Each specific preferential trade agreement sets out acceptable ways of proving the preferential origin of goods. A supplier's declaration is one of the means of proof. Let us find out what it is and when it can be used.

Annette Reiser, Dr. Ilona Mishchenko

€
origin
en
The Zes Zollner Electronic case: exploring the scope of amending customs declarations
25-06-2023

In a recent ruling, the Court of Justice (the Court) delivered its decision in the case of Zes Zollner Electronic, addressing the issue of amending customs declarations and the consequences of … failing to declare the correct quantity of goods. The case involved a Romanian company, Zes Zollner Electronic (ZZE), which declared only half of the actual quantity of goods received, resulting in a customs infringement.

Jonas Sakalauskas

€
import, violations
en
The Zes Zollner Electronic case: exploring the scope of amending customs declarations
25-06-2023

In a recent ruling, the Court of Justice (the Court) delivered its decision in the case of Zes Zollner Electronic, addressing the issue of amending customs declarations and the consequences of failing to declare the correct quantity of goods. The case involved a Romanian company, Zes Zollner Electronic (ZZE), which declared only half of the actual quantity of goods received, resulting in a customs infringement.

Jonas Sakalauskas

€
import, violations
en
Who gave you the customs agent’s licence?
25-06-2023

Recently, in May 2023, the Israeli court upheld the customs manager's decision to suspend a customs agent for a few months. The agent appealed to court, but his petition was rejected.

Omer Wagner

€
customs brokers, violations
en
Who gave you the customs agent’s licence?
25-06-2023

Recently, in May 2023, the Israeli court upheld the customs manager's decision to suspend a customs agent for a few months. The agent appealed to court, but his petition was rejected.

Omer Wagner

€
customs brokers, violations
en
National sanctions against Russia and Belarus: Lithuania tightens controls
25-06-2023

The enforcement of international sanctions in Lithuania continues to tighten. The new strengthened national regime entered into force on 5 June 2023. In July 2023, an additional requirement will … come into force: manufacturer's declarations will be required for the transit by road through Russia or Belarus of non-dual-use goods with commodity codes corresponding to those included in the newly created national dual-use goods list. The new requirement will apply to all goods crossing Lithuanian borders, including those exported or re-exported from other EU countries.

Daiva Baltronienė

€
export control, sanctions, restrictions, trade barriers
en
National sanctions against Russia and Belarus: Lithuania tightens controls
25-06-2023

The enforcement of international sanctions in Lithuania continues to tighten. The new strengthened national regime entered into force on 5 June 2023. In July 2023, an additional requirement will come into force: manufacturer's declarations will be required for the transit by road through Russia or Belarus of non-dual-use goods with commodity codes corresponding to those included in the newly created national dual-use goods list. The new requirement will apply to all goods crossing Lithuanian borders, including those exported or re-exported from other EU countries.

Daiva Baltronienė

€
export control, sanctions, restrictions, trade barriers
en
Customs brokers: Growing importance in the US. The opposite in the EU?
24-06-2023

The United States is strengthening the role of customs brokers as professionals by introducing a professional development requirement (which will come into force on 24 July 2023), stressing that … this will help improve trade compliance and revenue protection and allow brokers to act as an additional layer of security to prevent illicit goods from entering US commerce. In the meantime, EU customs brokers fear that the EU Customs Reform and the draft new Customs Code could signal the end of their profession.

Enrika Naujokė

€
customs brokers, knowledge management
en
Customs brokers: Growing importance in the US. The opposite in the EU?
24-06-2023

The United States is strengthening the role of customs brokers as professionals by introducing a professional development requirement (which will come into force on 24 July 2023), stressing that this will help improve trade compliance and revenue protection and allow brokers to act as an additional layer of security to prevent illicit goods from entering US commerce. In the meantime, EU customs brokers fear that the EU Customs Reform and the draft new Customs Code could signal the end of their profession.

Enrika Naujokė

€
customs brokers, knowledge management
en
Competencies of a customs broker: insights from a workshop
18-06-2023

Customs matters are complex and little known to the general public. This makes customs brokers an indispensable part of international trade, and with their knowledge they can greatly help their … clients. What key competencies should customs brokers have? What additional key skills should they have? And what can we do to improve the competencies of customs brokers? These three questions were dealt with in a workshop organised by Customs Knowledge Community (CKC). Let's have an overview of the results.

Assoc Prof Dr Momchil Antov

€
customs brokers, knowledge management
en
Competencies of a customs broker: insights from a workshop
18-06-2023

Customs matters are complex and little known to the general public. This makes customs brokers an indispensable part of international trade, and with their knowledge they can greatly help their clients. What key competencies should customs brokers have? What additional key skills should they have? And what can we do to improve the competencies of customs brokers? These three questions were dealt with in a workshop organised by Customs Knowledge Community (CKC). Let's have an overview of the results.

Assoc Prof Dr Momchil Antov

€
customs brokers, knowledge management
en
Changes to trade in goods between Northern Ireland and Great Britain as a result of the Windsor Framework
11-06-2023

!!! Updated article with adjustments made to the UCC !!! On 24 March 2023, the EU and the United Kingdom (UK) agreed to settle their dispute over the Northern Ireland Protocol, in particular … by responding to some of the UK's requests to facilitate trade between Great Britain – GB (England, Wales, Scotland) on the one hand and Northern Ireland on the other (so-called East-West trade) and by accommodating the UK on some other issues. The relevant legal acts, recommendations and declarations were published in Official Journal No. L 102 of 17 April 2023. CCRM Journal for Practitioners in Europe has therefore asked Michael Lux, who advised the Government of Northern Ireland on the interpretation of the original version of the Northern Ireland Protocol, to outline the main aspects of the Windsor Framework with regard to trade in goods between Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Michael Lux

€
law, restrictions, trade barriers
en
Changes to trade in goods between Northern Ireland and Great Britain as a result of the Windsor Framework
11-06-2023

!!! Updated article with adjustments made to the UCC !!! On 24 March 2023, the EU and the United Kingdom (UK) agreed to settle their dispute over the Northern Ireland Protocol, in particular by responding to some of the UK's requests to facilitate trade between Great Britain – GB (England, Wales, Scotland) on the one hand and Northern Ireland on the other (so-called East-West trade) and by accommodating the UK on some other issues. The relevant legal acts, recommendations and declarations were published in Official Journal No. L 102 of 17 April 2023. CCRM Journal for Practitioners in Europe has therefore asked Michael Lux, who advised the Government of Northern Ireland on the interpretation of the original version of the Northern Ireland Protocol, to outline the main aspects of the Windsor Framework with regard to trade in goods between Great Britain and Northern Ireland.

Michael Lux

€
law, restrictions, trade barriers
en
CBAM reports and declarations for imported goods: Who, what, when?
11-06-2023

To reduce carbon emissions in the EU and globally, the EU has put in place a legal framework - the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), set out in a recently published regulation. The CBAM … will apply to imports of certain goods such as fertilisers, screws, wires, hydrogen, etc., the range of which will be expanded. The obligation for importers of these goods or their indirect customs representatives to submit quarterly CBAM reports comes into force already this year.

Enrika Naujokė

€
duties, taxes, import, restrictions, trade barriers, sustainability
en
CBAM reports and declarations for imported goods: Who, what, when?
11-06-2023

To reduce carbon emissions in the EU and globally, the EU has put in place a legal framework - the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), set out in a recently published regulation. The CBAM will apply to imports of certain goods such as fertilisers, screws, wires, hydrogen, etc., the range of which will be expanded. The obligation for importers of these goods or their indirect customs representatives to submit quarterly CBAM reports comes into force already this year.

Enrika Naujokė

€
duties, taxes, import, restrictions, trade barriers, sustainability
en
Current progress towards a fully digital EU customs environment
11-06-2023

From the point of view of many customs operators, especially those who conduct cross-member state customs activities, the developments in IT are rather sobering. Although the legal framework … for further standardization and harmonization has been established, isolated solutions and uncoordinated development statuses within the EU are delaying a real breakthrough. In this article, we provide an overview of the project status regarding the report of the European Commission.

Antonia Livajic, Michael Tomuscheit

€
IT systems, databases
en
Current progress towards a fully digital EU customs environment
11-06-2023

From the point of view of many customs operators, especially those who conduct cross-member state customs activities, the developments in IT are rather sobering. Although the legal framework for further standardization and harmonization has been established, isolated solutions and uncoordinated development statuses within the EU are delaying a real breakthrough. In this article, we provide an overview of the project status regarding the report of the European Commission.

Antonia Livajic, Michael Tomuscheit

€
IT systems, databases
en
Ukraine customs and trade news April/May 2023
11-06-2023

News at a glance: Ukraine plans to join the CPTPP; start of application of the Pan-Euro-Med transitional rules of origin with the Republic of Moldova; Ukraine stops exporting sugar; extension … of trade liberalisation with the EU; and more updates.

Iryna Pavlenko, Oleg Kyryievskyi

law
en
Ukraine customs and trade news April/May 2023
11-06-2023

News at a glance: Ukraine plans to join the CPTPP; start of application of the Pan-Euro-Med transitional rules of origin with the Republic of Moldova; Ukraine stops exporting sugar; extension of trade liberalisation with the EU; and more updates.

Iryna Pavlenko, Oleg Kyryievskyi

law
en
EU law news April/May 2023
04-06-2023

News in week 22: More trade-related cooperation agreed between the EU and the US in the Trade and Technology Council; WTO dispute panel established to review EU duties on Indonesian steel products; … regulation on tariff cassification of a cooling mat for dogs and cats; anti-dumping duty on imports of rebars originating in Belarus; and more updates!

€
law
en
EU law news April/May 2023
04-06-2023

News in week 22: More trade-related cooperation agreed between the EU and the US in the Trade and Technology Council; WTO dispute panel established to review EU duties on Indonesian steel products; regulation on tariff cassification of a cooling mat for dogs and cats; anti-dumping duty on imports of rebars originating in Belarus; and more updates!

€
law
en
The Reform of the UCC
04-06-2023

The EU Commission has presented a proposal for the reform of the Union Customs Code (as well as amendments of several other legal acts). In view of the largely failed centralisation (and thus … standardisation) of customs activities and – apart from ICS2 – IT systems, as well as a lack of harmonisation of customs sanctions, the proposals for an EU Customs Data Hub, an EU Customs Authority, the shift to the (deemed) importer as the person responsible for duties and all compliance aspects, as well as a partial harmonisation of customs sanctions are bold steps with regard to which the business community suffering from unequal treatment within the EU Customs Union and Single Market can only wish the EU Commission success in the Council and the Parliament.

Michael Lux

€
e-commerce, IT systems, databases, law
en
The Reform of the UCC
04-06-2023

The EU Commission has presented a proposal for the reform of the Union Customs Code (as well as amendments of several other legal acts). In view of the largely failed centralisation (and thus standardisation) of customs activities and – apart from ICS2 – IT systems, as well as a lack of harmonisation of customs sanctions, the proposals for an EU Customs Data Hub, an EU Customs Authority, the shift to the (deemed) importer as the person responsible for duties and all compliance aspects, as well as a partial harmonisation of customs sanctions are bold steps with regard to which the business community suffering from unequal treatment within the EU Customs Union and Single Market can only wish the EU Commission success in the Council and the Parliament.

Michael Lux

€
e-commerce, IT systems, databases, law
en
‘Fair prices’ vs transaction value in Bulgaria
04-06-2023

The article deals with the changes in the Bulgarian customs legislation on customs value. These changes do not correlate well with the relevant European legislation, and this raises many questions: … Is the application of these new provisions legitimate? What was the reason for the Bulgarian legislator to take such steps? What are the possible consequences? Let us try to find some answers.

Georgi Goranov

€
valuation
en
‘Fair prices’ vs transaction value in Bulgaria
04-06-2023

The article deals with the changes in the Bulgarian customs legislation on customs value. These changes do not correlate well with the relevant European legislation, and this raises many questions: Is the application of these new provisions legitimate? What was the reason for the Bulgarian legislator to take such steps? What are the possible consequences? Let us try to find some answers.

Georgi Goranov

€
valuation
en
Certain critical export-controlled product groups to be aware of
01-06-2023

The main purpose of the article is to raise awareness of certain product groups that are subject to export control. This concerns in particular drive and automation products as well as emerging … technologies in the high-tech industry. For example, inverters can have a special software extension for output frequencies above 600 Hz, which is critical because this type of product can be used in chemical centrifuges and nuclear power plants in sanctioned countries.

Armin Belle

€
export, export control, sanctions
en
Certain critical export-controlled product groups to be aware of
01-06-2023

The main purpose of the article is to raise awareness of certain product groups that are subject to export control. This concerns in particular drive and automation products as well as emerging technologies in the high-tech industry. For example, inverters can have a special software extension for output frequencies above 600 Hz, which is critical because this type of product can be used in chemical centrifuges and nuclear power plants in sanctioned countries.

Armin Belle

€
export, export control, sanctions
en
First steps in choosing customs software
14-05-2023

This article covers the questions that companies should raise when looking for customs software. It highlights the key points to consider before choosing software and gives advice on how to minimise … potential issues and maximise benefits. This is important for businesses considering making their own customs declarations for the first time, or switching from one customs software package to another. Here's what you need to know.

Kieran Gleeson

€
IT systems, databases
en
First steps in choosing customs software
14-05-2023

This article covers the questions that companies should raise when looking for customs software. It highlights the key points to consider before choosing software and gives advice on how to minimise potential issues and maximise benefits. This is important for businesses considering making their own customs declarations for the first time, or switching from one customs software package to another. Here's what you need to know.

Kieran Gleeson

€
IT systems, databases
en
Export control: the need for an internal compliance programme
14-05-2023

What is an Internal Compliance Programme (ICP) and what are its core elements? What if the ICP is not required by law, should companies still use it? The answer is definitely yes. Even if your … company does not fall under the criteria for a mandatory ICP, it is important to have one in place if you deal with export-controlled items.

Christelle Dubouchet

€
export, export control, sanctions, restrictions, trade barriers
en
Export control: the need for an internal compliance programme
14-05-2023

What is an Internal Compliance Programme (ICP) and what are its core elements? What if the ICP is not required by law, should companies still use it? The answer is definitely yes. Even if your company does not fall under the criteria for a mandatory ICP, it is important to have one in place if you deal with export-controlled items.

Christelle Dubouchet

€
export, export control, sanctions, restrictions, trade barriers
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